pISSN 2636-0004
eISSN 2636-0012
ABOUT THE IJGII
ARTICLE CATEGORY
ALL ARTICLES
For Contributors
-
POLICY
pISSN 2636-0004
eISSN 2636-0012
pISSN 2636-0004
eISSN 2636-0012
All Articles
Articles
Abstract : Image-enhanced endoscopy refers to techniques of enhancing mucosa surface contrast with the ultimate aim of improving lesion detection and diagnosis. It is vital to detect early gastric cancer as it may be possible to perform curative endoscopic resection. In this topic review, we summarize the options available, such as the traditional dye-based chromoendoscopy, as well as the newer equipment-based techniques such as narrow-band imaging, flexible spectral imaging color enhancement, and i-scan. We further discuss in greater detail the technique of narrow-band imaging combined with magnifying endoscopy, and how this has facilitated lesion characterization and diagnosis based on characteristic abnormal microvascular and microsurface features. Other endoscopic imaging modalities such as autofluorescence imaging and endoscopic microscopy are also briefly discussed.
Abstract : Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a promising new minimally invasive modality for the ablation of solid tumors. Unlike the current leading thermal ablation modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation, IRE uses nonthermal electric energy to irreversibly destabilize cell membranes, resulting in focused cell death. Over the past 7 years, IRE has been emerging as a novel ablation tool by using the effect of an applied electric field to kill cancer cells, without damaging the surrounding extracellular matrix, vessels, nerves, and neighboring normal tissue. Although IRE has been investigated for a short period of time, its potential use for cancer and tissue ablation has been receiving growing attention leading to a considerable number of studies on its validity and safety, including recent in vivo animal and human studies.
Abstract : Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder of unknown cause that manifests as symptoms of difficulty in swallowing, with pooling of food and secretions in the lower esophagus. Endoscopic treatment for achalasia is directed at disrupting or weakening the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). As botulinum toxin (botox) is a potent inhibitor of acetylcholine release from nerve endings, it counteracts the unopposed LES contraction that is mediated by cholinergic nerves, thereby lowering LES pressure. In general, a total dose of 100 IU is endoscopically injected in the LES using a sclerotherapy needle, in four gifts, one in each quadrant. The response rates at 1 month following administration are 78% on average (range, 63–90%). By 6 months, the clinical response rate drops to 58% (range, 25–78%); and by 12 months, this further drops to 49% (range, 15–64%). The predictors of response to botulinum toxin injection (BTI) include age greater than 50 years, and the presence of vigorous achalasia, defined by the finding of esophageal contractile waves, with amplitudes in excess of 40 mmHg. Meanwhile, the duration of illness, baseline radiographic features, initial symptom severity, and sex have not been shown to be predictive of response. Compared to both pneumatic dilation and myotomy, BTI has clearly shown to have been at a disadvantage with respect to therapeutic efficacy. However, BTI has several advantages—such as ease of technique, safety, ease of return to work, and higher success rate in vigorous achalasia—compared with pneumatic dilation and surgical myotomy. Botulinum toxin should be preferentially reserved for patients with significant comorbidity, and is not adequate for conventional treatment with laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy or pneumatic dilation, or for patients who are on a waiting list for surgery or who are refusing other forms of treatment.
Abstract : Anti-tumoral endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle injection (EUS-FNI), with its minimally invasive access for anti-tumoral agent delivery, is the most exciting field of intervention EUS. Pancreatic cancer is regarded as a systemic disease even if imaging modalities reveal no visible metastasis. From that perspective, immunological therapy is performed. To date, several reports have described immunotherapy under EUS-guidance. The first report of EUS-FNI intended for immunotherapy for advanced pancreatic cancer was published in 2000. In that study, an allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte culture was injected into tumors of eight patients with unresectable local pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The study of dendritic cells (DCs) for cancer has continued to develop in recent years. Actually, DCs are potent antigen-presenting cells for the induction of primary T-cell dependent immune response. When injected intratumorally, DCs acquire and process tumor antigens in situ, migrate to regional lymphoid organs, and initiate a strong tumor-specific immune response. To date, three reports have described EUS-FNI of DCs into pancreatic cancer: two for unresectable and one for pre-surgical operations. Every study has indicated the feasibility and safety. Furthermore, these reports showed that EUS-guided DCs injection might be an important option for treating advanced pancreatic cancer. EUS-guided immunotherapy is a very exciting field in interventional EUS for obstinate cancers.
Abstract : Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided interventions for treatment of periluminal tumors allows for a minimally invasive alternative to other more invasive methods of tumor therapies such as surgery or percutaneous ablation. For many tumors, especially pancreatic and peripancreatic tumors, EUS allows the most direct access for providing therapy. However, our experience with EUS-guided tumor ablation therapy remains limited. Several promising methods for EUS-guided ablation are in development or undergoing clinical evaluation. There have been case reports and several limited studies evaluating various injection therapies such as alcohol or biologic agents. In addition, laser, photodynamic therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and high-intensity focused ultrasound are currently being investigated as possible modalities for EUS-guided ablation. These methods for performing EUS-guided ablation are reviewed.
Abstract : Palliation of malignant small intestinal obstructions beyond the reach of conventional endoscopes for stent placement generally requires endoscopic decompression via a gastrostomy tube or a surgical bypass in patients who are operable candidates. With the advent of deep enteroscopy, palliative stent placement for mid-gut obstruction using currently available self-expandable metal stents may be feasible in selected cases. Proper patient selection and technical proficiency in deep enteroscopy and stent placement are key determinants for a successful outcome. Alternative means of stent delivery, including the percutaneous route, are also being developed, with the hope of expanding the use of stents in the mid small bowel beyond palliation.
Abstract : Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has changed the treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Although RFA is usually applied for the treatment of small (≤3 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas, the combination with hepatic arterial chemoembolization has expanded the use of RFA to larger tumors. Refinements have lessened complications, leading to better prognosis even in the longer term.
Abstract : The management of incidental pancreatic cystic lesion (PCL) can be challenging. With a better understanding of the natural course of PCL, we recommend surveillance of PCL without high-risk stigmata for at least 5 years. The importance of interventional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in establishing a specific diagnosis and treatment cannot be over-emphasized. This review aims to give an overview on the latest developments in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration and EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation.
Abstract :
Abstract : Acquired portal vein (PV) stenosis or occlusion is most commonly seen after liver transplantation. In the nontransplant population, PV stenosis or occlusion can occur with pancreatitis, tumor encasement, and postsurgical complications. Portal hypertension resulting from PV stenosis or occlusion can cause variceal bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. Bleeding from ectopic varices, such as duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and rectum, is rare and can be life threatening in patients with portal hypertension. There are several treatment options for the management of PV stenosis or occlusion combined with variceal bleeding such as PV stenting, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and transhepatic or transsplenic embolization of varices. Herein we report a case of jejunal variceal bleeding with postoperative PV occlusion successfully managed by PV stent-graft placement and variceal embolization.
Hyung Ku Chon 
and Seong-Hun Kim
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2023; 12(1): 7-15
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii220037
Se Hwan Kwon , Seung Yeon Noh , and Joo Hyeong Oh
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2023; 12(1): 37-42
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii220005
Nam Hee Kim and Hong Joo Kim
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2023; 12(2): 57-63
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii220004
Partha Mandal , Barrett P. O'Donnell , Eric Reuben Smith , Osamah Al-Bayati , Adam Khalil , Serena Jen , Mario Vela , and Jorge Lopera
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2022; 11(1): 18-23
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii210028
Young Koog Cheon
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2021; 10(3): 96-100
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii210032
Dominic Andre Staudenmann , Ellie Patricia Skacel , Tatiana Tsoutsman , Arthur John Kaffes , and Payal Saxena
Int J Gastrointest Interv 2021; 10(3): 128-132
https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii200050
pISSN 2636-0004
eISSN 2636-0012
| TODAY | 166 |
|---|---|
| TOTAL | 225,464 |
© The Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention. Powered by INFOrang Co., Ltd.
The Society of Gastrointestinal Intervention
