Fig. 3. Illustrations on different types of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). (A) Exposed non-tunnelled EFTR. 1: Direct incision from mucosa, submucosa to muscularis propria. 2: Complete resection of the subepithelial tumor. 3: Closure of mucosal incision with clips or overstitch. (B) Exposed tunnelled EFTR. 1: Development of submucosal tunnel proximal to the subepithelial tumor. 2: Dissection of subepithelial tumor within the submucosal tunnel with full thickness dissection to peritoneal cavity. 3: Closure of the mucosal entrance after complete dissection of the subepithelial tumor with endoclips. (C) Non-exposed EFTR with full-thickness resection device (FTRD). 1: Endoscopic localization of the subepithelial tumor and assessment of the tumor size fitting with FTRD device. 2: Aspiration of the subepithelial tumors using suction or tissue retraction device within the distal attachment cap, followed by application of the over-the-scope clip for complete closure of the gastrointestinal wall before resection. 3: Complete full thickness resection of the subepithelial tumor with snare. Data from the article of Liu et al (Surg Endosc. 2013;27:4354-9).³⁶

Int J Gastrointest Interv 2020;9:42~52 https://doi.org/10.18528/ijgii200007

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