pISSN 2636-0004eISSN 2636-0012
pISSN 2636-0004Risk Factors for Adverse Events during TSE
| Patient related |
| Elderly patient with co-morbidities |
| American Society of Anesthesiologist classification grade 3–4 |
| Patients on antithrombotics |
| Disease related |
| Achalasia cardia |
| Unhealthy mucosa (stasis esophagitis) during POEM |
| Sigmoid esophagus |
| Prior treatment (Heller’s myotomy, balloon dilatation) |
| Lots of food residue in esophagus (risk of aspiration) |
| Esophageal candidiasis |
| Subepithelial tumor |
| Large size of tumor (> 3 cm), irregular shape |
| Tumor originating from muscularis propria |
| Cardia tumor |
| Extraluminal tumor |
| Gastroparesis |
| Scarring or ulceration in antrum |
| Diverticula |
| Large size of diverticula |
| Diverticula associated with motility disorder |
| Procedure related |
| Use of air for insufflation |
| Incorrect electrosurgical settings (other than spray coagulation) |
| Continuous large/heavy burst of current during tunneling or myotomy |
| Knife (without water jet facility) |
| STER of two synchronous lesions |
| Unable to localize the lesion during STER and pyloric sphincter during G-POEM |
| Operator related |
| Long operative time |
| During learning curve |
TSE, third space endoscopy; POEM, peroral endoscopic myotomy; STER, submucosal tunnelling endoscopic resection; G-POEM, gastric POEM.