pISSN 2636-0004eISSN 2636-0012
pISSN 2636-0004Etiology of Biliary Strictures
| Variable | Cause |
|---|---|
| Benign cause | Iatrogenic |
| Cholecystectomy | |
| Liver transplantation | |
| Autoinflammatory | |
| Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) | |
| Immunoglobulin G4-related cholangitis | |
| Sarcoidosis, Eosinophilic cholangitis, Mast cell cholangitis, Histiocytosis X | |
| Choledocholithiasis (Mirizzi syndrome) | |
| Chronic pancreatitis | |
| Infectious (tuberculosis, viral, parasitic, HIV cholangiopathy) | |
| Vascular (vasculitis, ischemic cholangiopathy) | |
| Others (trauma, chemotherapy, post radiation therapy) | |
| Malignant cause | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | |
| Gallbladder cancer | |
| Ampullary adenocarcinoma | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | |
| Metastatic disease/cancer | |
| Lymphoma |