pISSN 2636-0004eISSN 2636-0012
pISSN 2636-0004Selected Studies of Proton Beam Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
| Study (published year) | Patients ( |
Tumor size (cm) | MVI (%) | RT regimen (GyRBE/fractions) | LC | PFS | OS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PMRC (2008)41 | 53 | ≤ 3: 25% > 3 to < 5: 34% ≥ 5 to < 10: 34% ≥ 10: 8% |
28 | 72.6/22 | 94% at 2 yr 86% at 3 yr |
38% at 2 yr 25% at 3 yr |
57% at 2 yr 45% at 3 yr |
| PMRC (2009)42 | 51 | Median 2.8 (range, 0.8–9.3) ≤ 5: 88% > 5: 12% |
NA | 66.0/10 | 95% at 3 yr 88% at 5 yr |
NA | 49% at 3 yr 39% at 5 yr |
| PMRC (2009)43 | 318 | NA | 14 | 66.0/10: 32.7% 72.6/22: 26.7% 77.0/35: 20.8% |
NA | NA | 65% at 3 yr 45% at 5 yr |
| PMRC (2011)44 | 47 | NA | 15 | 72.6/22: 34.0% 77.0/35: 27.7% |
88% at 3 yr 88% at 4 yr |
IHRFS 66% at 1 yr 40% at 1 yr 17% at 4 yr |
50% at 3 yr 34% at 4 yr |
| Loma Linda (2011)45 | 76 | Mean 5.5 ≤2: 7% > 2 to < 5: 45% ≥ 5 to < 10: 43% ≥ 10: 5% |
5 | 63.0/15 | 70% at 3 yr | 80% | Median 36 mo |
| NCC (2015)48 | 27 | ≤ 5: 81% > 5: 19% |
NA | 60.0/20: 29.6% 66.0/22: 25.9% 72.0/24: 44.4% |
80% at 3 yr 64% at 5 yr |
17% at 3 yr 0% at 5 yr |
56% at 3 yr 42% at 5 yr |
| Mul-institutions in US (2016)47 | 44 | Median 5.0 (range, 1.9–12.0) | 30 | Median 58.05/15 (range, 15.1–67.5/15) | 95% at 2 yr | 56% at 1 yr 40% at 2 yr |
77% at 1 yr 63% at 2 yr |
| NCC (2019)73 | 243 | ≤ 2: 47.3% > 2: 52.7% |
82.5 | 50.0/10: 16.5% 62.5/10: 24.7% 66/10: 58.8% |
54.6% at 5 yr 94.7% at 5 yr 92.4% at 5 yr |
NA | 48.1% at 5 yr |
| SMC (2020)35 | 172 | ≤ 2: 43.0% > 2: 57.0% |
31.4 | 50/10: 19.2% 60–66/10: 67.4% 50–60/5: 4.7% Others: 8.7% |
85.5% at 2 yr | NA | 86.4% at 2 yr |
| NCC (2021)49 | 80 | < 2: 43.0% ≥ 2: 57.0% |
0 | 66.0/10 | 85.8% at 4 yr | 15.6% at 4 yr | 74.0% at 4 yr |
MVI, macrovascular invasion; RT, radiation therapy; GyRBE, Gy relative biological effectiveness; LC, local control; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival; PMRC, Proton Medical Research Center; NA, not applicable; IHRFS, intrahepatic recurrence-free survival; NCC, National Cancer Center in South Korea; US, United States; SMC, Samsung Medical Center.