Fig. 4. (A, B) When a duodenal stump leak is found (asterisk), a pigtail catheter is inserted at firstly under the guidance of ultrasound, cone-beam computed tomography or through a closed, air-tight postoperative drainage. (C, D) After the accumulated fluid and inflammation are reduced, a indwelling urinary catheter is inserted over the guidewire and the balloon was dilated. (E) Indwelling urinary catheter allows for early oral intake by preventing additional leakage through blockage of the opening via ballooning.
© Int J Gastrointest Interv