Risk Factors for Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis (PEP)6
Major | Minor |
---|---|
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction | Female patients aged less than 60 years |
History of previous PEP | Nondilated CBD (≤ 6 mm) |
Pancreatic duct injection | Normal serum bilirubin (< 2 mg/dL) |
Freehand needle knife sphincterotomy | Failure to remove all bile duct stones |
Balloon sphincter dilation without sphincterotomy | Failed cannulation |
More than 1 deep pancreatic guidewire passage | Difficult cannulation (time to CBD cannulation more than 10 minutes or more than 5 attempts at cannulation) |